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Looking to Boost Retirement? Consider Annuities.
For many people, saving for retirement means 401(k)s, IRAs and even pensions. But what about annuities? Chances are you've heard many — possibly conflicting — opinions about them.
To give you a better understanding of annuities, here is a brief overview of what they are, how they work and why you might want to consider them as part of your overall retirement strategy.
What Are Annuities?
An annuity is a contract between you and an insurance company that requires the insurer to make payments to you, either beginning immediately or in the future.1
You buy an annuity by making either a single payment or a series of payments. Similarly, your payout may come either as one lump-sum payment or as a series of payments over time. The premise is straightforward — you buy an annuity, and the insurance company provides a return.
While that might sound simple, there are multiple kinds of annuities, each with its own pros and cons.
3 Main Types of Annuities
The annuity marketplace can be complex but, in general, there are three main types of annuities that suit a variety of needs and goals.
- Fixed annuity. A fixed annuity is the most straightforward type. You make a payment, or a series of payments, and the insurance company promises a minimum rate of interest and a fixed amount of periodic payments in return. While this provides predictability in returns, since your payment is fixed, you might not earn as much as you would by investing in other types of securities.
- Variable annuity. A variable annuity is similar to a fixed one in that you make a payment or a series of payments. However, rather than offering a fixed amount in return, with a variable annuity you decide where to invest your money. The annuity pays a level of income in retirement that is determined by the performance of your investment choices. Because you're in control, the investments can be tailored to level of risk tolerance. The downside is that there's a chance that your investment selection may underperform the market — or even lose money.
- Indexed annuity. An indexed annuity combines the features of a security and an insurance product in one. With it, your payment contains a promised return that — rather than being based on investments you choose or on a fixed rate — is based on a stock market index, such as the S&P 500 Index.
Fixed annuities can be appealing when interest rates are high because you get that rate for the life of the annuity.
Reasons to Consider an Annuity
Here are some reasons an annuity might be beneficial as part of your comprehensive retirement plan:
- Lifetime income. Periodic payments are an appealing aspect of an annuity. They complement other retirement income sources like 401(k)s, Social Security and pension plans by providing a reliable stream of income for a set period, often the remainder of your life.
- Income options. There are various income payment options. These may include lifetime payments, lifetime payments for a minimum of 10 years (with payments going to your beneficiary if you die within that time frame), as well as rights of survivorship, which are payments that extend over your lifetime and your spouse's lifetime.
- Tax-deferred growth. Similar to an IRA or 401(k), you pay no taxes on your annuity's investment gains until you withdraw money from it. However, unlike an IRA or 401(k), there is no limit to how much money you can invest into an annuity. Once you've maximized contributions to an IRA or 401(k), an annuity provides an opportunity for more tax-deferred investing.
- Annuitization. If you choose to do so, you may assign the entire account/contract value to a financial institution. In return, you receive income for life.
- Guaranteed minimum withdrawal/income benefits. You may be able to purchase a rider to make a variable annuity more attractive. For example, you can ask for a guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit that guarantees a steady stream of income — usually 5% to 10% of your original lump-sum principal per year — regardless of how the market performs.2
- Portfolio stability and principal safety. Annuities can provide the kind of portfolio stability typically provided by bonds, balancing out higher risk areas of a portfolio.3 In times of market volatility, an annuity can allow you to benefit from stock market gains while shielding you from losses.
- Benefit from higher interest rates. Fixed annuities can be appealing when interest rates are high because you get that rate for the life of the annuity, even if interest rates drop later on.
- Death benefits. If your annuity guarantees payments over a minimum time period, your beneficiaries may be eligible for a substantial payment(s) if you die before that period is up.
In It for the Long(er) Haul
Annuities are not typically suited to short-term financial goals because they often contain prohibitive surrender charges for early withdrawals. While these fees go down the longer you hold onto the annuity, the reduction is gradual. Fees can start anywhere from 7% to 25%.4
Also, the surrender charge period can last anywhere from three to 10 years after you purchase the annuity,5 so make sure you understand the length of time during which you won't be able to reclaim the full amount of your initial annuity purchase.
Yes, There Are Fees
Fees vary, but as annuities offer more benefits than a typical investment product, their associated fees can be higher than other products. Be sure to check and compare fees for competing products. It will help you better understand fees.
Always Talk to an Advisor First
Of course, there is much more to annuities than the information presented in this brief overview. Before investing, be sure to talk with an advisor. By examining your options within the context of your overall financial portfolio, your advisor can help ensure that you are investing in the vehicle that best meets your needs.
Important disclosure information
This content is general in nature and does not constitute legal, tax, accounting, financial or investment advice. You are encouraged to consult with competent legal, tax, accounting, financial or investment professionals based on your specific circumstances. We do not make any warranties as to accuracy or completeness of this information, do not endorse any third-party companies, products, or services described here, and take no liability for your use of this information.
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Investor.gov, “Annuities," accessed May 10, 2023.
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Rachel Christian, "Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB)," Annuity.org, updated May 5, 2023, accessed May 16, 2023.
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Karen Hube, “Why High-Net-Worth Investors Are Paying More Attention to Annuities," Barron's, published December 7, 2022, accessed May 11, 2023.
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Office of the Insurance Commissioner Washington State, “How Much Do Annuities Cost?" accessed May 11, 2023.
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Riley Adams, “What Is an Annuity Surrender Period?" published October 17, 2022, accessed May 10, 2023.
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